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Friday, 02 September 2022

Weltklima

Der Planet Erde aus dem All. Foto: pixabay

Die Treibhausgaskonzentrationen, die 2021 so hoch wie nie zuvor waren, führen auch in der Atmosphäre zu langfristigen Temperaturveränderungen. Foto: pixabay

Jahresbericht für 2021 bestätigt langjährige Trends

Rekordwerte bei den Treibhausgaskonzentrationen, der Erwärmung der Ozeane und beim Anstieg des Meeresspiegels: Der soeben erschienene internationale Jahresbericht über das Weltklima für 2021, herausgegeben von der Wetter- und Ozeanografiebehörde der USA, verheißt nichts Gutes. Auch die globale mittlere Oberflächentemperatur hat sich im letzten Jahr weiter erhöht – und das trotz La Niña. Das Wetterphänomen sorgt grundsätzlich eher für eine Abkühlung. Unter den AutorInnen des Berichts sind mit der Klimaphysikerin Andrea Steiner, die Veränderungen in der Atmosphäre untersucht, und dem Geographen Andreas Kellerer-Pirklbauer, der sich mit dem Abschmelzen der Gletscher befasst, auch zwei ForscherInnen der Universität Graz.

Klimawandel in der Atmosphäre
Die Treibhausgaskonzentrationen, die 2021 so hoch wie nie zuvor waren, führen auch in luftiger Höhe zu langfristigen Temperaturveränderungen. „Im Jahr 2021 war die Troposphäre, die unterste Schicht der Atmosphäre, auch Wetterschicht genannt, trotz La Niña um etwa 0,25° C wärmer als das langjährige Mittel 1991–2020. Damit zählt 2021 zu den zehn wärmsten Jahren seit Beginn der Messungen 1958“, berichtet Andrea Steiner. Während die Temperatur in der Troposphäre kontinuierlich steigt, kühlt sich die darüber liegende Stratosphäre aufgrund der menschgemachten CO2-Emissionen ab. „In der Nordhemisphäre haben wir beobachtet, dass sich dadurch die Grenze zwischen den beiden Atmosphärenschichten – die Tropopause – immer weiter nach oben verschiebt“, erklärt Steiner. Diese Strukturveränderungen können unter anderem auf großräumige Zirkulationsmuster rückwirken und damit das globale Klima- und Wettergeschehen beeinflussen.
Beitrag:
Randel, W. J., C. Covey, L. Polvani, and A. K. Steiner (2022), Stratospheric Temperatures, In: State of the Climate in 2021, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103 (8), S39-S41, DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-22-0092.1

Schrumpfende Gletscher
Die hohen Temperaturen lassen das Eis immer schneller schmelzen. So verlieren die alpinen Gletscher seit 34 Jahren in Folge an Masse und waren 2021 durchschnittlich um 25 Meter „dünner“ als im Mittel der 1970er.

>> zum gesamten Bericht
Blunden, J. and T. Boyer, Eds., 2022: “State of the Climate in 2021”. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103 (8), Si–S465, DOI: 10.1175/2022BAMSStateoftheClimate.1

“State of the Climate” wird jährlich vom National Center for Environmental Information der National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration der USA herausgegeben.

Grafik mit den wichtigsten Fakten zum Klima im Jahr 2021. © Crown Copyright 2022, Met Office 01971
Ein Überblick über den Zustand des Klimas im Jahr 2021. © Crown Copyright 2022, Met Office 01971
created by Gudrun Pichler

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